Friday, April 19, 2013

Venezuela opposition fears crackdown, U.S. wavers on Maduro

By Andrew Cawthorne and Daniel Wallis

CARACAS (Reuters) - Venezuela's opposition leaders said on Wednesday they feared persecution over post-election protests and the U.S. government backed their call for a recount, saying it had not decided if it would recognize President-elect Nicolas Maduro.

The razor-thin victory by Maduro in Sunday's presidential vote has been rejected by his rival, Henrique Capriles, who is alleging thousands of irregularities at polling centers and wants a full audit of the ballots.

Seven people have died in opposition-led protests, and the government has vowed to take legal action against the opposition leader and others whom they accuse of stirring up violence.

Washington said it had not decided whether to recognize Maduro, a former bus driver-turned-foreign minister who was picked as successor by the late socialist leader Hugo Chavez.

"We think there ought to be a recount," Secretary of State John Kerry told U.S. lawmakers. "Obviously, if there are huge irregularities, we are going to have serious questions about the viability of that government ... I'm not sure that's over yet."

There was no immediate response from Maduro's administration, but on Tuesday a senior 'Chavista' official, Diosdado Cabello, had cautioned the United States to "hold its tongue" and not meddle in Venezuelan affairs.

During Chavez's 14-year tenure, Venezuela was the U.S. government's main irritant in Latin America and the former soldier frequently invoked "imperialist" plots against him.

The latest instability in the OPEC nation with the world's largest oil reserves has sent Venezuelan bond prices tumbling.

The unrest, just weeks after Chavez's death from cancer, has laid bare the deep polarization of a nation split down the middle between pro- and anti-government factions, and left its 29 million people on edge.

Overnight, Capriles alleged that the government had ordered gangs to attack his supporters and even his official residence in Miranda state, where he is the governor.

"Anything that happens to me in the official residence at Los Teques is responsibility of Nicolas Maduro!" he said.

Though demanding legal action against Capriles and calling him a fascist, Maduro nevertheless said he would be protected.

"I am a man of peace and of my word. I ordered (state intelligence agency) Sebin to maintain protection of the ex-candidate of the right wing even though he has got rid of those who were protecting him," he said via Twitter.

Another prominent opposition leader, Leopoldo Lopez, said there was a plan to arrest him on charges of destabilization. Officials did not immediately respond to that.

OPPOSITION MARCH OFF

Capriles had planned to lead a protest march on the National Electoral Council on Wednesday, but Maduro banned it. The opposition leader later called it off, saying the government had plotted to start trouble and blame it on him.

"To all my followers ... this is a peaceful quarrel. Whoever is involved in violence is not part of this project, is not with me," he said. "It is doing me harm."

Monday's scenes of opposition supporters attacking ruling Socialist Party offices, government-run clinics and people celebrating Maduro's victory were damaging to Capriles' cause, which he casts as one of democracy versus autocracy.

Evoking the emotive memory of a 2002 putsch against Chavez, which lasted only 48 hours but led to a radicalization of the government and a discrediting of Venezuela's opposition, Maduro has accused Capriles' camp of planning a coup d'etat.

About 135 people were arrested and more than 60 hurt during Monday's violent clashes, including one woman whom a mob tried to burn alive, officials said. Protests were much quieter on Tuesday, with thousands of Capriles' followers holding peaceful rallies outside Electoral Council offices around the country.

The most successful and charismatic leader the opposition has had since Chavez took office in 1999, Capriles, 40, says the government is responsible for the violence because it denied reasonable requests for a full recount.

Maduro won with 50.8 percent of the vote against Capriles' 49.0 percent, according to the electoral authority.

He is due to be formally sworn in on Friday.

Maduro campaigned for election on a promise to continue his late boss's hardline socialist policies. He had a big lead in polls but that evaporated in the final days and the result was much closer than his team had expected.

Capriles says he is sure he won the election and that his team has evidence of 3,200 irregularities, from voters using fake IDs to intimidation of volunteers at polling centers. Opposition sources say their count showed Capriles had an extra 300,000 to 400,000 votes not shown in the official tally.

The electoral council has refused to hold a recount, saying an audit of ballots from 54 percent of the polling centers, in a widely respected electronic voting system, had already been done.

Maduro initially said he was open to a recount but has changed his position. He has called on his supporters to demonstrate all week, culminating in a big rally in Caracas on Friday to coincide with his inauguration ceremony.

He jumped on Capriles' cancellation of Wednesday's march, saying the opposition leader had started to backpedal.

"No matter how much they retreat, they'll have to face justice sooner rather than later," Maduro said, turning on Capriles. "You are responsible for this. Don't disguise yourself as a pacifist."

In a session of Congress late on Tuesday, 'Chavista' legislators accused Capriles of inciting bloodshed and called for him to face a formal investigation and charges.

Two opposition lawmakers said they were insulted and punched by pro-government legislators.

Maduro's slight margin of victory has raised doubts about whether the disparate alliance that formed around Chavez during his 14 years in power can hold together without him. The opposition is also a wide-ranging coalition of parties from right to left on the political spectrum.

(Additional reporting by Enrique Andres Pretel, Eyanir Chinea and Mario Naranjo; Paul Eckert in Washington; Editing by Doina Chiacu)

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/capriles-distances-himself-violent-protests-venezuela-050342845.html

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Thursday, April 18, 2013

World's largest meeting dedicated to osteoporosis and osteoarthritis opens in Rome

World's largest meeting dedicated to osteoporosis and osteoarthritis opens in Rome [ Back to EurekAlert! ] Public release date: 17-Apr-2013
[ | E-mail | Share Share ]

Contact: L. Misteli
news@iofbonehealth.org
41-229-940-100
International Osteoporosis Foundation

European Congress on Osteoporosis & Osteoarthritis (ESCEO13-IOF) welcomes 4,500 delegates from around the world; latest research presented in more than 850 scientific abstracts

The world's largest congress dedicated to the epidemiology, pathogenesis, prevention, and treatment of osteoporosis and osteoarthritis has opened today in Rome, Italy with 4500 delegates.

The European Congress on Osteoporosis & Osteoarthritis (ESCEO13-IOF), which continues until April 20th at the Rome Cavalieri, is jointly organized by the European Society for Clinical and Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis and Osteoarthritis (ESCEO) and the International Osteoporosis Foundation (IOF).

ESCEO President Jean-Yves Reginster said, "The Chairs of the Scientific Programme Committee, Professor Ren Rizzoli and Professor Cyrus Cooper, have planned an extraordinary programme which covers both the latest advances in clinical practice and the most current research in the field. Over the next three days delegates can look forward to hearing about many exciting new developments as well as having the opportunity to meet leading researchers and clinicians from around the world."

Preceded by a special symposium on similarities and differences in osteoporosis and osteoarthritis, ESCEO13-IOF opening ceremony featured an Honorary Lecture on bone deformities in antiquity by Professor Vronique Dasen, followed by the presentation of prestigious awards.

The Congress will continue with eight plenary lectures by leading experts in the bone field, including Ego Seeman, Eric Orwoll, Steffen Gay, Robert E. Coleman, Mary Bouxsein, Eugene McCloskey, Colin Farquharson, and Cyrus Cooper. Eleven special symposia will focus on the latest advances in a wide variety of areas, including treatment, guidelines, vitamin D, quality of life in frailty and sarcopenia, biological markers in osteoarthritis, secondary fracture prevention, and other topics of relevance to every day clinical practice.

Oral and poster presentations from more than 850 submitted abstracts will showcase the latest research in the field. For the first time, 'poster guided tours' will be offered by experts in order to provide special insight into selected key abstracts. The abstracts have been published in the scientific journal 'Osteoporosis International', Volume 24, Supplement 1, 2013.

The joint IOF and ESCEO annual meetings have also become a key forum for translational bone science. The 3rd IOF-ESCEO Pre-Clinical Symposium on April 18, chaired by Professor Anna Teti, will feature eight plenary lectures by key pre-clinical researchers in the area of musculoskeletal disorders.

"Musculokskeletal disorders, including osteoporosis and osteoarthritis, are the second greatest cause of disability worldwide," said IOF President Professor John A. Kanis. "Through this annual congress, IOF and ESCEO are contributing to the advancement of research and health professional knowledge in this important field.

"We hope that the delegates will benefit from the enriching programme, and are able to take home valuable new knowledge that translates into improved care for their patients."

###

About IOF

The International Osteoporosis Foundation (IOF) is the world's largest nongovernmental organization devoted to the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of osteoporosis and related diseases of bone, muscles and joints. IOF members, including committees of scientific researchers, patient, medical and research societies, and industry representatives from around the globe, share a common vision of a world without musculoskeletal diseases and fragility fractures. IOF now represents more than 200 societies in all regions of the world. http://www.iofbonehealth.org

About ESCEO

The European Society for Clinical & Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis and Osteoarthritis (ESCEO) is a non-profit organization, dedicated to a close interaction between clinical scientists dealing with rheumatic disorders, pharmaceutical industry developing new compounds in this field, regulators responsible for the registration of such drugs and health policy makers, to integrate the management of osteoporosis and osteoarthritis within the comprehensive perspective of health resources utilization. The objective of ESCEO is to provide practitioners with the latest clinical and economic information, allowing them to organize their daily practice, in an evidence-based medicine perspective, with a cost-conscious perception. http://www.esceo.org


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AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.


World's largest meeting dedicated to osteoporosis and osteoarthritis opens in Rome [ Back to EurekAlert! ] Public release date: 17-Apr-2013
[ | E-mail | Share Share ]

Contact: L. Misteli
news@iofbonehealth.org
41-229-940-100
International Osteoporosis Foundation

European Congress on Osteoporosis & Osteoarthritis (ESCEO13-IOF) welcomes 4,500 delegates from around the world; latest research presented in more than 850 scientific abstracts

The world's largest congress dedicated to the epidemiology, pathogenesis, prevention, and treatment of osteoporosis and osteoarthritis has opened today in Rome, Italy with 4500 delegates.

The European Congress on Osteoporosis & Osteoarthritis (ESCEO13-IOF), which continues until April 20th at the Rome Cavalieri, is jointly organized by the European Society for Clinical and Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis and Osteoarthritis (ESCEO) and the International Osteoporosis Foundation (IOF).

ESCEO President Jean-Yves Reginster said, "The Chairs of the Scientific Programme Committee, Professor Ren Rizzoli and Professor Cyrus Cooper, have planned an extraordinary programme which covers both the latest advances in clinical practice and the most current research in the field. Over the next three days delegates can look forward to hearing about many exciting new developments as well as having the opportunity to meet leading researchers and clinicians from around the world."

Preceded by a special symposium on similarities and differences in osteoporosis and osteoarthritis, ESCEO13-IOF opening ceremony featured an Honorary Lecture on bone deformities in antiquity by Professor Vronique Dasen, followed by the presentation of prestigious awards.

The Congress will continue with eight plenary lectures by leading experts in the bone field, including Ego Seeman, Eric Orwoll, Steffen Gay, Robert E. Coleman, Mary Bouxsein, Eugene McCloskey, Colin Farquharson, and Cyrus Cooper. Eleven special symposia will focus on the latest advances in a wide variety of areas, including treatment, guidelines, vitamin D, quality of life in frailty and sarcopenia, biological markers in osteoarthritis, secondary fracture prevention, and other topics of relevance to every day clinical practice.

Oral and poster presentations from more than 850 submitted abstracts will showcase the latest research in the field. For the first time, 'poster guided tours' will be offered by experts in order to provide special insight into selected key abstracts. The abstracts have been published in the scientific journal 'Osteoporosis International', Volume 24, Supplement 1, 2013.

The joint IOF and ESCEO annual meetings have also become a key forum for translational bone science. The 3rd IOF-ESCEO Pre-Clinical Symposium on April 18, chaired by Professor Anna Teti, will feature eight plenary lectures by key pre-clinical researchers in the area of musculoskeletal disorders.

"Musculokskeletal disorders, including osteoporosis and osteoarthritis, are the second greatest cause of disability worldwide," said IOF President Professor John A. Kanis. "Through this annual congress, IOF and ESCEO are contributing to the advancement of research and health professional knowledge in this important field.

"We hope that the delegates will benefit from the enriching programme, and are able to take home valuable new knowledge that translates into improved care for their patients."

###

About IOF

The International Osteoporosis Foundation (IOF) is the world's largest nongovernmental organization devoted to the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of osteoporosis and related diseases of bone, muscles and joints. IOF members, including committees of scientific researchers, patient, medical and research societies, and industry representatives from around the globe, share a common vision of a world without musculoskeletal diseases and fragility fractures. IOF now represents more than 200 societies in all regions of the world. http://www.iofbonehealth.org

About ESCEO

The European Society for Clinical & Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis and Osteoarthritis (ESCEO) is a non-profit organization, dedicated to a close interaction between clinical scientists dealing with rheumatic disorders, pharmaceutical industry developing new compounds in this field, regulators responsible for the registration of such drugs and health policy makers, to integrate the management of osteoporosis and osteoarthritis within the comprehensive perspective of health resources utilization. The objective of ESCEO is to provide practitioners with the latest clinical and economic information, allowing them to organize their daily practice, in an evidence-based medicine perspective, with a cost-conscious perception. http://www.esceo.org


[ Back to EurekAlert! ] [ | E-mail | Share Share ]

?


AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.


Source: http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2013-04/iof-wlm041613.php

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Wednesday, April 17, 2013

N. Koreans mark key holiday, oblivious to tensions

PYONGYANG, North Korea (AP) ? Oblivious to international tensions over a possible North Korean missile launch, Pyongyang residents spilled into the streets Monday to celebrate a major national holiday, the birthday of their first leader, Kim Il Sung.

Girls in red and pink jackets skipped along streets festooned with celebratory banners and flags and boys on inline skates took a break from skating to slurp up bowls of shaved ice as North Koreans began observing a three-day holiday.

There was no sense of panic in the North Korean capital, where very few locals have access to international broadcasts and foreign newspapers speculating about an imminent missile launch and detailing the international diplomacy under way to try to rein Pyongyang in.

Elsewhere in the region, however, the focus remained on the threat of a missile launch as U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry wrapped up a tour to coordinate Washington's response with Beijing, North Korea's most important ally, as well as Seoul and Tokyo.

In Seoul, South Korean Defense Minister Kim Kwan-jin told a parliamentary committee Monday that North Korea still appeared poised to launch a missile from its east coast, though he declined to disclose the source of his information.

Kerry warned North Korea not to conduct a missile test, saying it would be provocation that "will raise people's temperatures" and further isolate the country and its impoverished people. He said Sunday that the U.S. was "prepared to reach out," but that Pyongyang must first bring down tensions and honor previous agreements.

Foreign governments have been trying to assess how seriously to take North Korea's recent torrent of rhetoric warning of war if the U.S. and South Korea do not stop holding joint military maneuvers just across the border.

Officials in South Korea, the United States and Japan say intelligence indicates that North Korea, fresh off an underground nuclear test in February, appears ready to launch a medium-range missile.

North Korea has already been slapped with strengthened U.N. sanctions for violating Security Council resolutions barring the regime from nuclear and missile activity.

But while the matter continued to dominate headlines abroad, Pyongyang's own media gave little indication Monday of how high the tensions are.

The Rodong Sinmun, the Workers' Party newspaper, featured photos and coverage of current leader Kim Jong Un's overnight visit to the Kumsusan mausoleum to pay respects to his grandfather. There was only one line at the end of the article vowing to bring down the "robber-like U.S. imperialists."

Kim Jong Un's renovation of the memorial palace that once served as his grandfather's presidential offices opened to the public on Monday, the vast cement plaza replaced by fountains, park benches, trellises and tulips. Stretches of green lawn were marked by small signs indicating which businesses ? including the Foreign Trade Bank recently added to a U.S. Treasury blacklist ? and government agencies donated funds to help pay for the landscaping.

Starting from early in the morning, residents dressed in their finest clothing began walking from all parts of Pyongyang to lay flowers and bow before the bronze statues of Kim and his son, late leader Kim Jong Il, as the mournful "Song of Gen. Kim Il Sung" played over and over.

Their birthdays are considered the most important holidays of the year in North Korea, where reverence for the Kims is drummed into the people from the time they are toddlers. The largest basket of flowers at Mansu Hill was from Kim Jong Un, whose elaborate offering was cordoned off with ropes.

With that ritual out of the way, many stopped at food stalls set up at the base of Mansu Hill to warm up with tea and snacks. They queued at roadside snack stands for rations of peanuts, a holiday tradition.

"Although the situation is tense, people have got bright faces and are very happy," said Han Kyong Sim, who works at one of the beverage stands.

Later, as the day warmed up, scores of young women in a rainbow of sparkling traditional dresses thronged the parking lot for North Korea's version of square dancing.

Monday marked the official start of the new year according to North Korea's "juche" calendar, which begins with the day of Kim Il Sung's birth in 1912. But unlike last year, the centennial of his birthday, there are no big parades in store this week, and North Koreans were planning to use it as a day to catch up with friends and family.

North Korea is believed to be saving its parades and big parties for July 27, the 60th anniversary of the end of the Korean War, and the 65th anniversary in September of the founding of the nation.

But while there was little sense of crisis in Pyongyang, North Korea's official posture toward the outside appeared to be as hardline as ever.

A top North Korean leader, Kim Yong Nam, president of the Presidium of the Supreme People's Assembly, told officials Sunday that the North must bolster its nuclear arsenal further and "wage a stronger all-out action with the U.S. to cope with the prevailing wartime situation," according to state TV.

North Korea has also pulled workers from the Kaesong factory complex on its side of the Demilitarized Zone, the last remaining symbols of inter-Korean rapprochement, in a pointed jab at South Korea. South Korean-run factories provided more than 50,000 jobs for North Korea, where two-thirds of the population struggle with food shortages, according to the World Food Program.

On Sunday, Pyongyang rejected Seoul proposal to resolve tensions through dialogue. A Unification Ministry spokesman in Seoul, Kim Hyung-suk, called the response "very regrettable" on Monday.

___

Associated Press writer Eric Talmadge in Pyongyang and Hyung-jin Kim in Seoul, South Korea, contributed to this report. Follow Lee, AP's bureau chief for Pyongyang and Seoul, at www.twitter.com/newsjean.

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/nkoreans-mark-key-holiday-oblivious-tensions-055847958.html

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Pakistan bears brunt of Iranian earthquake, 13 killed

By Gul Yousafzai

QUETTA, Pakistan (Reuters) - A powerful earthquake that struck a border area of southeast Iran killed at least 13 people in neighboring Pakistan on Tuesday, destroying hundreds of houses and shaking buildings as far away as India and Gulf Arab states.

Communications with the area, a sparsely populated desert and mountain region, were largely cut and hindered preliminary reports of casualties in Iran. An Iranian provincial governor later said there were no reports of deaths there so far.

The epicenter was far from any of Iran's nuclear facilities but the quake, the second large one in Iran in a week, served as a reminder of how tremor-prone the region is, a factor behind concerns about safety at Iran's only nuclear power plant.

"Our staff were in a meeting and we felt the ground shake," Saleh Mangi, Programme Unit Manager for Plan International in the Pakistani town of Thatta, was quoted as saying by the UK office of the children's charity.

"It was horrible - we felt the movement in the chairs and even the cupboards were shaking. This is the strongest quake I have felt since the 1980s."

Pakistani officials said at least eight people were killed and 20 injured in the town of Mashkeel in the southwestern Pakistani province of Baluchistan, which borders Iran.

Mohammed Ashraf, head of a health center in Mashkeel, said several hundred houses in the town had collapsed. Three women and two children were also killed when their mud house collapsed in the Baluchistan district of Panjgur.

"The earthquake has killed at least five people in Panjgur," said Ali Imran, an official at the government disaster-response unit in Quetta, Baluchistan's main city.

Iran appeared to have emerged relatively unscathed. National media reported that 27 people were injured and that the significant depth was the likely reason for the relatively low level of damage from a 7.8 magnitude quake.

Soon after the quake, an Iranian official told Reuters he expected hundreds of dead and state media quoted unconfirmed reports of 40 fatalities in Iran.

But Hatam Narouyi, governor of Iran's Sistan and Baluchistan province, said there were "no fatalities", the student news agency (ISNA) reported.

The U.S. Geological Survey, in a revised bulletin, said the quake hit at 10:44 GMT at a depth of 82 km (51 miles). The epicenter was 198 km (123 miles) southeast of the city of Zahedan and 250 km northwest of Turbat in Pakistan.

People in the Iranian city of Zahedan poured into the streets when it struck, Fars news agency reported. Officials in Saravan, the nearest city to the epicenter, said there had been no serious damage.

Iranian Red Crescent official Morteza Moradipour said emergency crews, including dog teams to sniff through the debris for any buried survivors, had reached the area.

"Because of the strength of the earthquake we had expected to see significant damage in residential areas but the quake was at a depth of 95 km and therefore the extent of the damage was on par with earthquakes measuring magnitude 4," he said.

The U.N.'s Office for Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) said it was in contact with authorities in Iran and "stands ready to assist upon request", a spokesman said.

NUCLEAR RISK

It was the second big quake to hit Iran in a week. On April 9, a powerful 6.3 magnitude quake struck close to the Bushehr nuclear power station, killing 37 people, injuring 850 and devastating two villages.

Most of Iran's nuclear-related facilities are located in central Iran or its west, including Bushehr, its nuclear power plant, which sits on the Gulf coast. Iran says safety standards at Bushehr are good, but some Western experts have their doubts.

"It (the quake epicenter) is far from Bushehr and other nuclear-related facilities," Iran expert Ali Vaez of the International Crisis Group think-tank told Reuters.

"However, the recent tremors are ominous reminders of how earthquake prone Iran's terrain truly is and how critical it is for the Iranian government to be prepared for a nuclear emergency," Vaez said.

The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) said Iran's nuclear authority had informed it that there was no damage to the Bushehr power plant or other facilities.

Iran sits on major geological faultlines and has suffered several devastating earthquakes, including a 6.6 magnitude quake in 2003 that flattened the city of Bam, in Iran's far southeast, killing more than 25,000 people.

This quake also shook tall buildings in India's capital New Delhi, sending people running into the streets. People also evacuated buildings in Qatar and Dubai.

"I was working and my work station was shaking," said Viidhu Sekhri, 35, an underwriter at a New Delhi insurance company. "Then it was a bit shaky so we just rushed outside."

(Additional reporting by Marcus George and Yeganeh Torbati; Writing by Angus MacSwan; Editing by Jon Boyle and Jon Hemming)

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/strong-8-magnitude-quake-hits-iran-110149111.html

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Tuesday, April 16, 2013

See where your money goes on tax day

* Ronaldo scores twice as Real win 3-0 in Bilbao * Weakened Barcelona beat Zaragoza 3-0 * Atletico thrash Granada 5-0 (Recasts after Real game, adds quotes) By Mark Elkington MADRID, April 14 (Reuters) - Cristiano Ronaldo proved too powerful for Athletic Bilbao as he scored with a fizzing free kick and a towering header in Real Madrid's bruising 3-0 victory at San Mames in La Liga on Sunday. The Portugal forward took his league tally for the season to 31 goals, netting in his eighth successive game in all competitions, and set up Gonzalo Higuain for Real's third. ...

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/blogs/ticket/taxpayer-dollars-being-spent-133402473--politics.html

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Our futures look bright, because we reject the possibility that bad things will happen

Apr. 15, 2013 ? People believe they'll be happy in the future, even when they imagine the many bad things that could happen, because they discount the possibility that those bad things will actually occur, according to a new research published in Psychological Science, a journal of the Association for Psychological Science.

"I've always been fascinated by the changeability of people's perceptions of happiness," says psychological scientist Ed O'Brien of the University of Michigan. "On some days our futures seem bright and exciting, but on other days the same exact future event can feel stressful and terrifying."

With this new research, O'Brien wanted to explore whether fluency -- how easy or difficult it feels to think about different events -- might play a role in how people think about well-being.

He conducted five studies, asking participants to complete online surveys with questions that addressed past and possible future experiences and perceptions of well-being.

In line with previous research, fluency amplified the effects of past events on participants' reports of well-being: The easier it was for people to generate positive past experiences, the happier they said they were in those times. Likewise, the easier it was to come up with negative past experiences, the more unhappy people said they were.

But, in an interesting twist, this trend did not hold true for future experiences.

While thinking about positive future events was still correlated with people's predictions of future happiness, thinking of negative future events didn't have the corresponding effect -- easily imagining negative possibilities didn't sway people to believe that they would be unhappy in the future.

"People seem to 'explain away' the presence of bad possibilities, thinking that they won't really occur," explains O'Brien. "But they have a harder time explaining the absence of good possibilities. The absence of good events in our future feels much worse than the presence of bad ones."

That doesn't mean bad things can't happen to our friends, though. When participants were asked to imagine events and happiness for one of their close friends, they predicted that negative events would have a significant effect on their friend's well-being.

Having to recall many positive events was more difficult than having to come up with only a few, and participants' happiness ratings reflected this: People who were asked to recall twelve past events gave lower ratings of happiness for that period than people who were asked to recall only three experiences.

"Once you struggle to think about the good things, your life seems a lot less happy," says O'Brien. "Ironically, trying to think of ten good things that could happen to you and struggling with that list may be worse for your wellbeing than thinking about only two good things without any problem."

But, just as before, the trend didn't apply to negative events: There was no difference in predicted happiness whether participants were asked to think about three or twelve negative events.

These findings suggest that, when it comes to negative events in the future, fluency doesn't seem to matter -- people expect that experiencing a few negative events is just as unlikely as experiencing many negative events, and they discount the likelihood that the experiences will occur at all.

O'Brien hopes to continue this research, looking for individual differences in the patterns, and also applying them to other domains such as consumer behavior: "Think about the counter-intuitive implications for increasing real buying behavior and customer satisfaction -- maybe customers should be asked to consider all the bad things that could go wrong with the product they're about to buy, rather than the good."

Ultimately, these findings have implications for how we think about what makes us happy.

"Anecdotally, many people endorse the belief that more happiness in quantity yields more happiness in quality. But these findings suggest that struggling to think about many happy aspects of your life can yield less happiness than easily imagining the negative aspects," O'Brien concludes.

This research was supported by a Graduate Research Fellowship from the National Science Foundation.

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The above story is reprinted from materials provided by Association for Psychological Science.

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Journal Reference:

  1. E. O'Brien. Easy to Retrieve but Hard to Believe: Metacognitive Discounting of the Unpleasantly Possible. Psychological Science, 2013; DOI: 10.1177/0956797612461359

Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.

Disclaimer: This article is not intended to provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Views expressed here do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.

Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/living_well/~3/LoHZSWLsFoM/130415124713.htm

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Monday, April 15, 2013

Immigration bill would spark surge of legal arrivals

LOS ANGELES TIMES ? While much of the debate over immigration has focused on the fate of the estimated 11 million people in the U.S. without legal authorization, one of the biggest immediate impacts of the reform bill being prepared in the Senate would be a sudden, large surge in legal migration.

The U.S. admits about 1 million legal immigrants per year, more than any other country. That number could jump by more than 50% over the next decade under the terms of the immigration reform bill that a bipartisan group of senators expects to unveil as early as Tuesday. The impact would be felt nationwide, but areas that already have large immigrant communities would probably see much of the increase.

The immigration package includes at least four major provisions that would increase the number of legal immigrants, according to people familiar with it. Some of the parts could generate as much controversy as the provisions dealing with those who enter the country illegally or overstay their visas, according to those with long experience of the politics of immigration.

Read more at the LA Times.

Source: http://redalertpolitics.com/2013/04/14/immigration-bill-would-spark-surge-of-legal-arrivals/

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